Shashti Upakrama Which means, Classification, Scientific Significance

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By Dr Raghuram Y.S. MD (Ay) & Dr Manasa, B.A.M.S
Grasp Sushruta is the grand grasp of surgical procedure. In Sushruta Samhita we come throughout 60 specialised therapies grouped below a heading known as ‘Shashti Upakrama’. Shashti means 60 quantity, Upakrama means therapies.
Learn – Sushruta’s 8 Varieties Of Surgical Procedures – Astavidha Shastra Karma

Scientific utility of Shashti Upakrama

Sasti Upakramam is a bunch of 60 sub-therapies/therapies. They’re defined within the context of therapy of Vranas in Chikitsa Sthana Part of Sushruta Samhita (Chapter 1). This is able to in all probability be one among the many most historical descriptions of ‘complete administration of wounds, ulcers, irritation and wound-scars’. Although this rationalization has been given within the context of wound administration, these therapies are extraordinarily useful in managing the related irritation and the scars fashioned after the injuries have been healed. All therapies will not be used for a similar goal; they’re used for various functions at completely different phases and shows of the injuries. They’re defined in the identical chronology during which they must be administered ‘stage-wise’.

Subsequently the 60 procedures defined by Grasp Sushruta assist in coping with –

Administration of Vrana Shopha – i.e. irritation across the wounds / ulcers / abscess
Administration of Vrana – wounds and ulcers
Administration of Vrana Vastu – beauty restore of the fashioned scar

The trendy day wound administration too seems influenced by Sushruta’s shashti upakrams, however Sushruta’s model seems extra complete. Many measures defined by Ayurveda are purely restricted to the sector and experience of Ayurveda and will not be practiced in trendy medication or every other up to date medical programs.

Sushruta’s rationalization emphasis on the beauty restore of the wound scars, modalities to stop recurrence and dehiscence of wounds which exhibits the development of surgical practices within the historical day.

Subsequently Sashti Upakram contains treating the injuries proper from the stage of abscesses to the stage of scars. These comprise of extra advantageous strategies of wound administration compared to the identical interventions achieved by different medical programs involving many scientifically superior trendy approaches.
Learn – Nadivrana – Sinus: Varieties, Signs, Ayurvedic Therapy

Shashti Upakramas as a part of Sapta Upakarmas – These 60 therapies can grossly included in Sapta Upakarmas i.e. 7 therapies of shopha (swelling related to wounds). Under talked about are the 7 therapies during which the 60 therapies are included.

Sl No	Saptopakrama (7 therapies)	Remedies of Shashti Upakramas (60 therapies) included below 7 fundamental therapies	Complete Variety of therapies included below 7 fundamental therapies
1	Vimlapana	Apararpana to Vimlapana	06
2	Avasechana	Visravana to Virechana	04
3	Upanaha	Upanaha and Pachana	02
4	Patana	Chedana to Sevana	09
5	Shodhana	Sandhana to Vrana Dhupana	13
6	Ropana
7	Vaikrutapaha	Utsadhana to Raksha Vidhana	26
	Complete = 60 therapies

Learn – Harm, Wound care Ayurvedic Cures, Medicines

Shashti Vidha Chikitsa – 60 forms of therapy

The Shashti upakrama i.e. 60 forms of therapy methods utilized in surgical apply defined by Grasp Sushruta are as under talked about –

Sl No	Identify of the Upakrama (therapy)	Which means	Inclusion in Sapta Upakrama
1	Apatarpana	hunger / fasting	Vimplapana
2	Alepa	software of medicinal pastes
3	Parisheka	showering of medicinal fluids
4	Abhyanga	oil therapeutic massage
5	Sweda	fomentation or sudation
6	Vimlapana	mild urgent / cleaning measures
7	Visraavana	drainage	Avasechana
8	Sneha	inducing oiliness
9	Vamana	therapeutic emesis
10	Virechana	therapeutic purgation
11	Upanaha	poultices	Upanaha
12	Paachana	serving to the pus to type correctly in order to empty it out
13	Chedana	excision	Patana
14	Bhedana	incision
15	Daarana	splitting / tearing
16	Lekhana	Scraping
17	Eshana	Probing
18	Aaharana	Extraction
19	Vyadhana	Puncturing
20	Vidravana	Liquefaction
21	Seevana	Suturing
22	Sandhana	Unification, union of fractures	Shodhana & Ropana
23	Peedana	Compression
24	Shonita sthapana	Checking the bleeding, enabling correct circulation
25	Nirvapana	Utility and showering of chilly efficiency medicines
26	Utkaarika	Utility of heat semi-solid vata assuaging medicinal pastes to deal with wound irritation and necrosis of wounds
27	Kashaya	Administering natural decoctions
28	Varti	Utility / inserting suppositories
29	Kalka	Natural Paste Utility
30	Sarpi	Use of medicated ghee
31	Taila	Use of medicated oils
32	Rasakriya	Administration of semi-solid medicinal extracts
33	Avachurnana	Sprinkling of natural powders
34	Vrana Dhupana	Fumigation of wounds
35	Utsaadana	Elevation of wounds – therapy of wounds with some herbs to enhance granulation tissue in order to lift the ground of the wound	Vaikrutapaha
36	Avasaadana	Despair of wounds – removing of unhealthy, pointless, hyper-granulation tissue from flooring of the wound which could delay therapeutic of wounds
37	Mrudu Karma	Softening the sides of the injuries
38	Daaruna Karma	Hardening the margins of the injuries (some wounds have much less tensile energy in order that the wound margin simply separate inflicting early dehiscence and wound therapeutic delayed. To keep away from very long time wound therapeutic, daaruna karma is completed)
39	Kshara Karma	Utility of alkalis
40	Agni Karma	Hearth cauterization
41	Krshna Karma	Inducing black shade (hypo-pigmentation space made regular like surrounding tissue)
42	Pandu Karma	Inducing white shade (hyper-pigmentation space made regular like surrounding tissue)
43	Pratisaarana	Tablets made up of tough powder of medicinal herbs is rubbed on tender shiny pores and skin (after wound therapeutic) in order to make the pores and skin floor tough, similar to the traditional pores and skin
44	Roma Sanjanana	Remedies and medicines (measures) enabling development of hairs
45	Loma Apaharana	Remedies and medicines (measures) enabling removing of pointless hairs
46	Vasti Karma	Medicinal Enemas
47	Uttara Vasti Karma	Enemas given via urinary and genital passages
48	Bandha	Bandages
49	Patra Daana	Masking the injuries with leaves
50	Krimighna	Disinfectants
51	Brmhana	Bulk selling and strengthening therapies
52	Vishagna	Anti-toxins, therapies and medicines which nullify or neutralize the impact of poisons and toxins
53	Shiro virechana	Nasal instillation of medicines
54	Nasya	Nasal instillation of remedy / Errhines
55	Kavala dharana	Rinsing of mouth with medicinal liquids
56	Dhooma	Fumigation
57	Madhu sarpi	Administration of honey and ghee
58	Yantra	Instrumentation
59	Aahara	Dietetic routine
60	Rakshaa vidhana	Sterilization (the surgical ward, devices and so forth needs to be sterilized by fumigating with Guggulu (Commiphora mukul) and so forth herbs and Mantra uccharana (uttering or reciting holy hymns) to kill the small pathogenic organisms)